howto_create_a_pcb_english_german
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
howto_create_a_pcb_english_german [2006/03/16 15:44] – created smashtv | howto_create_a_pcb_english_german [2011/07/27 15:43] (current) – Removed Spam digineural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | ====== How to create PCB's ====== | ||
+ | ===== Exposure method (english) ===== | ||
+ | by dblevine@lindenmedia.com at 16.Oct.2001 in the [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | I'm sorry this took so long; I wanted to take some pictures, but I seem to have misplaced my digital camera? And if anyone finds anything wrong with my description, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Anyway, printing your own PCB isn't that difficult. I have printed exactly two PCB's in my life: the JDM PIC programmer and the dave_v2 PCB for the Midibox Plus. And before you think I'm one of those people like Thorsten who likes chatting about ' | ||
+ | However, I was able to build a Midibox Plus, and printing the PCB was one of the least painful parts of putting the Midibox together. | ||
+ | |||
+ | I used a photoetching process to print my boards. I have no idea if this is the way other people do it; all I can say is it worked for me. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here's an overview of the process: First, you make a negative of the PCB artwork. I used the laser-printer transparencies one would normally use to say, waste time in business meetings by showing Powerpoint presentations on overhead projectors. You place the negative on top of a blank PCB, which was coated at the factory with a layer of copper and then a layer of | ||
+ | light-sensitive chemical. The whole thing is then exposed to light. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Afterwards, when the board is placed in the developing solution, the areas harden where the light hits, while the areas where the light was blocked by the negative washes away, exposing the bare copper on the board. Lastly, the board is placed in an etchant solution, which eats away at the exposed copper, leaving behind the copper protected by the hardened photosensitive chemical. | ||
+ | Voila! A printed circuit board! | ||
+ | |||
+ | Of course, I have to say that this process involves chemicals which will kill you and your loved ones and do other bad things. Just because I survived without lopping off a limb or poisoning myself does not mean you will. I am not responsible for anything you do. Thank you. | ||
+ | |||
+ | So, let's get to work on the negative. I used a laser printer, but I'm pretty sure an inkjet will work, too. First get the artwork you want to use from Thorsten' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Print the artwork on paper. We just want to make sure that the printout is the right size before printing a transparency. Hold the 40-pin socket or PIC up to where it would sit on the PCB, and make sure that the pins line up with the holes. If they don't, something is wrong. Check your printer settings. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Once you have a paper printout that is the right size, you can print the artwork on a transparency. Warning: Do not put regular transparencies into a laser printer or photocopier. The transparency will melt and you will have to | ||
+ | live with a dead laser printer/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, you'll probably notice that the negative transparency printout/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now that you have your negative, you are ready to print the PCB. You'll need: | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Photosensitive boards. I got mine from Kepro Circuit Systems ([[http:// | ||
+ | - PCB Etchant. I got a 16oz bottle at Radio Shack for a few bucks. | ||
+ | - A #2 Photoflood. About USD$7 at my local photography store. | ||
+ | - A piece of clear glass. An 8" | ||
+ | - A plastic container for the developer. | ||
+ | - A plastic tray for the developer. Make sure it is big enough for the board. | ||
+ | - A plastic tray for the etchant. | ||
+ | - A big tray to use as a bath for the developer and etchant trays. You will put hot water in this tray, in order to keep the developer and etchant warm. | ||
+ | - A thermometer. I used a glass darkroom thermometer. | ||
+ | - Rubber gloves. The ones for dishwashing are fine. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The instructions Kepro provides with the PCB's are pretty good. Here's how the process goes: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mix up the developer powder with warm water (100 - 110 degrees Fahrenheit), | ||
+ | When the chemicals are at temperature, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using subdued light (Kepro suggests a yellow 'bug light' | ||
+ | within the edges of the board. Make sure that the negative looks ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now you are ready to expose the board. I used an exposure of five minutes with the #2 photoflood about two feet away from the board. After exposure, wait 15 minutes, peel off the protective sheet and put the board into a tray with the heated developer. Rock the tray back and forth for a minute, and then rub the surface of the board with the sponge that came with the board (use gloves!). | ||
+ | Wash the board with water, and save the developer. We'll need it later. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now you are ready to etch. Place the board in the tray with the etchant solution. Rock the tray back and forth. After a while, you should see the copper coming off and the yellow board exposed underneath. This process could take 20 minutes. When the copper pattern looks like a positive printout of the artwork, you are done. Just make sure all the copper that should be gone is-especially in areas where the artwork has lines very close to each other. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Wash the board with water. Dry it. Now you should drill all the holes. After the holes are drilled, return the board to the developer for 10 minutes or so. You'll see some blue stuff come off the board. This is the hardened photosensitive material coming off. At this point, I understand you should use another chemical to ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ta! Da! You are done. Now introduce yourself to your soldering iron, as you will be spending lots of time together if you are going to complete a Midibox. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Later! | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Toner Transfer Method (english) ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Anand Patel (anand@clubclimate.com) writes:** | ||
+ | I have decided to make the brilliant midibox platform from your website. I'm not sure if it is mention on the website, but I know of a simple way for people to make PCB's | ||
+ | |||
+ | I have done this using the following method. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Purchase a product called press-n-peel. This is a sheet of A4 special film, which can be purched for about £15 for 5 sheets. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Insert the press-n-peel paper into a LASER printer, or photocopier print the circuit board onto this (reversed), Iron the printed circuit onto the copper-clad boared using a warm clothes iron. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now leave to soak in etching fluid for about 1 hour. | ||
+ | |||
+ | I purched the etching kit for £15, and the press-n-peel for £15, which will easily make over 10 -15 PCB's | ||
+ | |||
+ | I'm not sure where you can buy press-n-peel elsewhere in Europe. But I do recommend this method as it is very cheap and simple for anybody to do. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Emanuel Fernández Paz (timofer@millicom.com.ar) wrote:** | ||
+ | |||
+ | This is an article about PCBs, it's the most simple and cheap procedure i've found, and the results are excellent. I made transfers for 4xDinx2 and Dxoutx2 boards for less than a dollar :) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Link: [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Toner Transfer Method (german) ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **TIPPS / Anleitung für Toner-Transfer / Platinen billig herstellen** | ||
+ | !Martin Haverland, 2005-04-09 at 04:19 » | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hallo, | ||
+ | ich dachte ich poste mal die letzten Erkenntnisse meinerseits bezgl Toner-Transfer zur Platinenherstellung. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kurzum: Ich bin begeistert von meinen letzten Platinen im superschnellen LowCost-Verfahren- | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Platinen mit Schleifschwamm aus dem Baumarkt (-,75€) und danach mit einem (Kunststoff-)-Topfschwamm anschleifen/ | ||
+ | - Ausdruck für Laserdrucker im oberen Drittel einer DIN A 4 Seite o.ä. platzieren. | ||
+ | - Mit einem Cuttermesser o. ä. eine Seite aus dem REICHELT (!!!)-Katalog heraustrennen. | ||
+ | - Ein wenig Holzleim, Pritt oder ähnliches am oberen Rand der Seite auftragen und die Reicheltseite auf ein normales DIN A 4 Druckerpapier oben ankleben (wie einen Papiersticker). | ||
+ | - Das Papier so in den Laserdrucker einlegen, dass die angeklebte Oberseite von Reichelt zuerst eingezogen wird. | ||
+ | - Drucken. | ||
+ | - Die Reicheltseite vom Normalpapier trennen oder abreissen/ | ||
+ | - Die Tonerfläche der Reicheltseite auf der Platine ausrichten. Die überstehenden | ||
+ | - Bügeleisen auf < | ||
+ | - Platine mit der " | ||
+ | - Das (meist verhunzte) Normalpapier darüberlegen. So verrutscht die Reicheltseite beim bügeln nicht... | ||
+ | - Bügeln. Mindestens 2 Minuten, stark andrücken und möglichst mit der Spitze und starkem Druck alle Teile der Platine erwischen, damit die niemals wirklich plane Oberfläche überall heiss angedrückt wird. Dabei das Normalpapier möglich irgenwie mit den Fingern ein bisschen festhalten (Rutschgefahr und Vorsicht, nicht die Flossen verbrennen. Besonders auf die Ränder achten (Bügeleisenspitze benutzen!). Wenn der Toner anfängt zu riechen, seid ihr fast fertig. Meist scheint der Toner mit seinen Leiterbahnen dann schon durch das Normalpapier durch. | ||
+ | - Bügeleisen ausmachen und beiseite. Einen flachen Teller mit heissem Wasser anfüllen und eine gute Portion Spüli darin auflösen. Platine erstmal da ein wenig abkühlen lassen wo sie liegt. (Bei kaltem Wasser oder zu heisser Platine wird das Ergebnis nicht gut...Leiterbahnen können reissen...) | ||
+ | - Jetzt die Platine in der Tasche in den Teller legen. Das Reicheltpapier saugt sich schnell voll. | ||
+ | - Erstmal nen Kaffee oder ne Zigarette. | ||
+ | - Jetzt ist die Platine schon soweit. Auf der umwickelten Kupferseite von innen nach aussen mit den Daumen das Papier noch einmal | ||
+ | - Mit den Daumen das Papier lagenweise vorsichtig abrubbeln (Niemals den Nagel benutzen!!!). Geht mit dem Reicheltpapier eigentlich sehr leicht ab, sonst mit mehr Spüli und neuem heissen Wasser probieren. | ||
+ | - Passt auf, dass ihr an Aussenbahnen in Laufrichtung rubbelt, damit ihr nicht jetzt noch eine Bahn kaputtmacht. | ||
+ | - Nun den Toner mit Aceton oder Nagellackentferner oder Nitroverdünner entfernen (Klopapier...) (Lüften!!!) | ||
+ | - Fertig zum Ätzen! | ||
+ | |||
+ | TIPP: Die Platine nach Möglichkeit erst nach dem Bügeln fertig zuschneiden, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Noch ein Tipp: Statt die Platine in der der Ätzlösung zu schwenken, diese lieber mit einem Pinsel " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mit obiger Methode habe ich hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt und ich habe schon viel ausprobiert...und es ist bei weitestem das billigste! Das teuerste ist die Leiterplatte und der Toner ;-) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Den REICHELT-Katalog hat ja wohl jeder!!! Schlägt jede Folie und jedes Glanzpapier. Beschädigt den Drucker und den Toner auf der Platine (chem. Prozesse??? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Benutzt nach Möglichkeit ältere Drucker (nicht höher als 600dpi) mit Originaltoner. Hier ist die Körnung des Toners grösser und die Schwärzung besser! Nur der HP-Toner scheint NCHT besonders gut geeignet, hier bei Bedarf Toner vom Fremdhersteller ausprobieren. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ich persönlich benutze einen Apple Laserwriter 320 (300dpi und uralt aber gut in Schuss...) und bin vollstens zufrieden. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Viel Spass dann | ||
+ | (Auch mal was zurück an diese tolle Community geben ...) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Martin | ||